Pancreatic Cancer

Overview

The pancreas is a small, elongated organ that plays two key roles in the function of the body. It manufactures enzymes that help the body digest food, and it also creates hormones that regulate blood sugar levels in the bloodstream. Because of these two key functions, the pancreas is connected to surrounding organs by small ducts. This ductwork allows enzymes and hormones to flow as needed, but the close interconnections can allow cancer of the pancreas to become particularly troublesome.

Causes

The exact cause is unknown, but there are clear risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer. The first is age; the largest number of people diagnosed are over the age of 70. Lifestyle factors that seem to contribute include smoking, drinking, and obesity. Those with chronic pancreatitis, inherited genetic mutations, and diabetes also are at increased risk.

Symptoms

Unexplained weight loss, indigestion, and upper abdominal pain can all be symptoms of pancreatic cancer. Those are also the symptoms of a variety of GI conditions, which is why chronic pain and unexplained weight loss should never be ignored. Jaundicing (a pronounced yellowing) of the skin and the whites of the eyes indicates a critical problem with the pancreas of some other organ that is connected to the pancreas. Jaundice does not mean there is cancer present, but it should be checked immediately by a gastroenterologist.

Screening and Diagnosis

Based on symptoms, your doctor will recommend imaging of some kind. Imaging options include: MRI, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and ERCP.

Treatment

Treatment for pancreatic cancer can include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Treatment options are determined based on the stage and type of cancer present.