Diverticular Disease

Overview

Diverticular disease is a common condition that is particularly prevalent after the age of 50. Diverticula are small pouches that form and push outward from the colon wall. Diverticula that do not cause additional problems are referred to as diverticulosis. Occasionally, the pouches can become infected or inflamed, this condition is called diverticulitis.

Causes

The long standing cause of diverticulitis is attributed to a low-fiber diet. Recently, however, new studies have added other possible factors to the development of diverticular disease. These potential causes include obesity, inactivity, smoking, and long term use of NSAIDs.

Symptoms

There are no symptoms of diverticulosis, but, there are many symptoms to diverticulitis. Pain in the lower left abdomen can come on suddenly and be quite severe at onset. Additional symptoms include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, change in bowel habits, and diverticular bleeding. Bleeding normally presents itself suddenly with a large amount of blood in the stool. Bleeding is can be accompanied by weakness, light-headedness, and abdominal cramping. If bleeding occurs in the stool, it is very serious and the patient should seek medical attention immediately. 

Screening and Diagnosis

The initial diagnosis for the formation of diverticula is almost always incidental when testing for other conditions or performing screening tests. Testing for diverticular disease is based on types and severity of symptoms.

Treatment

Doctor’s recommend a high-fiber diet, probiotics, and medications to address individual symptoms. Complications of diverticulitis are very urgent, and may require antibiotics and surgery. Rapidly elevating pain, fever, and rectal bleeding should never be ignored. Seek medical help immediately.