Colonoscopy

Overview

During a colonoscopy, your doctor examines the lining of your colon by inserting a thin, narrow, flexible tube with a light and camera (called a colonoscope) into your rectum and colon.

Why is a colonoscopy recommended?

With approximately 150,000 new cases of colorectal cancer in the United States each year (50,000 of which result in death) it is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. It is estimated that increased screening would save at least 30,000 of these lives each year. In addition to screening purposes, a colonoscopy can be used to evaluate for diagnostic symptoms such as bleeding or chronic diarrhea.

What happens during a colonoscopy?

During the exam:

• You will lie on your left side
• You will be given a medication through the IV in your hand or arm to completely sedate you.
• Your heart rate and oxygen levels will be monitored continuously.
• Your doctor will insert the colonoscope into your rectum and advance slowly throughout the colon (large intestines), looking for abnormal tissue or polyps.

The procedure typically takes 20-30 minutes. You should plan to be at the facility at least two hours for preparation and recovery.

What are polyps and why are they removed?

Polyps are abnormal growths in the colon lining that can be either benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous). You can’t visually see the difference between a benign polyp and a malignant one, so they are usually removed and sent to a pathologist for analysis under a microscope. The results can take up to two weeks. 

What preparation is required? 

The colon must be completely clean for the procedure to be accurate. Therefore you will be given instructions including dietary restrictions (such as a clear, liquid diet) paired with the consumption of a bowel cleansing solution.

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What happens after a colonoscopy?

After the exam:

• You will rest for about 30 minutes after the colonoscopy until most of the effects of the medication have worn off.
• You may have cramping or bloating afterward because of air introduced into the colon during the procedure. This is normal and should disappear quickly by passing gas.
• Your doctor will explain the results of the procedure to you and/or your family. You will be provided with discharge instructions before you leave.
• You should be able to resume a normal diet immediately and your normal activities the next day. You should avoid alcohol and driving on the day of your colonoscopy.
• A full report will be sent to your primary care or referring physician.