A barium enema uses x-rays to diagnose problems in the large intestine, which includes the colon and rectum. This test may show problems like abnormal growths, ulcers, polyps, and diverticuli (small pouch-like areas in the colon).

Before taking x-rays of your colon and rectum, the radiologist will put thick liquid, called barium, into your colon. The barium coats the lining of the colon and rectum and makes these organs, and any signs of disease in them, show up more clearly on the x-rays. It also helps the radiologist see the size and shape of the colon and rectum. The barium will cause fullness and pressure in your abdomen and will make you feel the urge to have a bowel movement. However, that rarely happens because the tube the physician uses to inject the barium has a balloon on the end of it that prevents the liquid from coming back out.

You may be asked to change positions while x-rays are taken. Different positions give different views of the intestines. After the radiologist is finished taking x-rays, you will be able to go to the bathroom. The radiologist may also take an x-ray of the empty colon afterwards.

A barium enema takes about 1-2 hours. The barium may cause constipation and make your stool turn gray or white for a few days after the procedure.

There is usually a 1-2 day preparation period before the test. The colon and rectum must be completely empty for the test to be accurate. Please see the barium enema preparation instructions for complete details. We normally receive results within 7-10 business days. After your physician reviews the report, we will call you with the results.